1.字母:26个字母的大小写
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
2.语音:元音的发音
五个元音字母:AEIOU
12个单元音:长元音:/ɑ:/,/ɔ:/,/ə:/,/i:/,/u:/
短元音:/æ//e//i//ɔ//∧//u//ə/
3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词
4.句子:大小写,标点符号
一、第二部分:语法知识
一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds
2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice
child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea
(二)名词的格
(1)有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a)单数后加’s如:Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b)以s结尾的复数名词后加’如:his friends’bags
c)不以s结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes
●并列名词中,如果把’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有,如:
Tom and Mike’s car汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
●要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of+名词”来表示所有关系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:
(1)不定冠词:a/an a unit/an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an:
an egg/an apple/an orange/an eraser/an answer/an ID card/an alarm clock/an actor/an actress/an e-mail/an address/an event/an example/an opera/an houran old man/an interesting book/an exciting sport/an action movie/an art lesson/
(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane
2.用法:
定冠词的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.
(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater.The sweater is new.