Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough; and mechanical systems like a wound (上发条的) watch, or the sun, do in fact an out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (热力学). But these are not similar or equivalent to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair itself — it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction (摩擦). We could, at one time, repair ourselves — well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power, an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us out, and into our grave. If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.

74. What can be learned from this passage is that ______.

A. people usually are unhappy when they are reminded of ageing

B. children reach their full intelligence at the age of twelve years

C. people are usually more likely to die at the age of twelve years

D. our first twelve years represent the peak of human development

75. The underlined word “it” in the last sentence of Paragraph Two refers to ______.

A. remaining alive until 65 B. dying before 65 or after 80

C. remaining alive after 80 D. dying between 65 and 80

76. What does “ageing” mean according to the passage?

A. It is a fact that people cannot live any longer.

B. It refers to a gradual loss of vigor and resistance.

C. It is usually a phenomenon of dying at an old age.

D. It is a period when people are easily attacked by illness.

77. What do the examples of the watch refer to in the last paragraph?

A. Normally people are quite familiar with the ageing process.

B. The law of thermodynamics functions in the ageing process.

C. All animals and other organisms undergo the ageing process.

D. Human's ageing process is different from that of mechanisms.

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Proxemics (空间关系学) is the study of what governs how closely one person stands to another. People who feel close will be close, though the actual distances will vary between cultures. For Americans we can detect four main categories of distance: intimate (亲密的), personal, social and public. Intimate ranges from direct contact to about 45 centimeters. This is for the closest relationships such as those between husband and wife. Beyond this comes personal distance. This stands at between 45 and 80 centimeters. It is the most usual distance maintained for conversations between friends and relatives. Social distance covers people who work together or are meeting at social gatherings. Distances here tend to be kept between 1.30 to 2 meters. Beyond this comes public distance, such as that between a lecturer and his audience.

All cultures draw lines between what is an appropriate and what is an inappropriate social distance for different types of relationship. They differ, however, in where they draw these lines. Look at an international reception with representatives from the US and Arabic countries talking and yowill see the Americans pirouetting (快速旋转) backwards around the hall pursued by their Arab partners. The Americans will be trying to keep the distance between themselves and their partners which they have grown used to regarding as “normal”. They probably will not even notice themselves trying to adjust the distance between themselves and their partners, though they may have vague feeling that their Arab neighbors are being a bit “pushy”. The Arab, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the pattern, may be feeling that the Americans are being “stand-offish”. Finding themselves happier standing close to and even touching those they are in conversation with they will persistently pursue the Americans round the room trying to close the distance between them.

The appropriateness of physical contact varies between different cultures too. One study of the number of times people talking in coffee shops over a one-hour period showed the following interesting variations: London, 0; Florida, 2; Paris, 10; and Puerto Rico 180. Not only does it vary between societies, however, it also varies between different subcultures within one society. Young people in Britain, for example, are more likely to touch and hug friends than are the older generation. This may be partly a matter of growing older, but it also reflects the fact that the older generation grew up at a time when touching was less common for all age groups. Forty years ago, for example, footballers would never hug and kiss one another on the field after a goal as they do today.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)

78. What govern the standing space between two persons in proxemics?

79. The underlined word “stand-offish” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “______”.

80. Why may Arabs pursue Americans in a conversation at an international reception?

81. What can be inferred from the last paragraph is that the appropriateness of physical contact also varies with ______.

第II卷(共47分)

I. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1、人们的个人信息安全保护意识有待提高。(remain)

2、无可否认，上海中心是座设计优秀，施工精良的摩天大楼。(deny)

3、中国的经济发展很快，可是有些市民的文明素质却远不令人满意。(While)

4、只有坚持严格管理和持之以恒，城市交通拥堵才能得到有效控制。(Only)

5、短信诈骗(smishing)犯罪与日俱增，问题迫在眉睫，促使政府采取措施严惩这类犯罪。(which)

II. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in over 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

认真观察以下三幅图片，然后选择其中的一幅图片写一篇作文。请你详细描述所选图片内容，然后针对图片内容表达你的观点，并阐述看法和理由。