In 1869, while she was on vacation in Europe, she got to know the International Red Cross, an organization set up by the Geneva Convention in 1864. Clara Barton realized that the Red Cross would be a best help for the United States. After she returned to the United States, she worked very hard to create an American Red Cross. She talked to government leaders and let American people know about the Red Cross. In 1881, the National Society of the Red Cross wasfinally established in Washington, D.C. Clara Barton managed its activities for 23 years.

4. Which of the following is true of young Clara Barton?

A. She had an accident when she was 11.

B. She helped her father when he was a soldier.

C. She made a decision to live with her brother for 2 years.

D. She helped her brother who got hurt in an accident.

5. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refers to “___________ ”.

A. each soldier B. the missing soldiers

C. the sick and hurt D. permission

6. What does the author talk about the American Red Cross?

A. It was brought to Europe by Barton.

B. Barton tried to have it set up in America.

C. The Americans were not interested in it..

D. It was first established in the Unites States.

7. What can be the best title of the text?

A. The Angle of the Battlefield. B. The America Red Cross.

C. The American Civil War. D. The International Red Cross.

C

Are morning people born or made? In my case it was definitely made. In my early 20s, I hardly went to bed before midnight, and I would always get up late the next morning.

But after a while I couldn’t ignore the high relationship between success and rising early. On those rare occasions where I did get up early, I noticed that my productivity was always higher. So I set out to become an early riser. But whenever my alarm went off, my first thought was always to stop that noise and go back to sleep. Eventually some sleep research showed that my strategy(策略)was wrong. The most common wrong strategy is this: supposing you’re going to get up earlier, you’d better go to bed earlier. It sounds very reasonable, but will usually fail.

There are two main schools of thought on sleep patterns. One is that yoshould go to bed and get up at the same time every day. The second school says yoshould go to bed when you’re tired and get up when yonaturally wake up. However, I have found both are wrong if yocare about productivity. If yosleep at fixed hours, you’ll sometimes go to bed when yoaren’t sleepy enough. You’re wasting time lying in bed awake.

My solution is to combine both methods. I go to bed when I’m sleepy and get up with an alarm clock at a fixed time. So I always get up at the same time (in my case 5 a.m.), but I go to bed at different times every night.

However, going to bed only when I’m sleepy, and getting up at a fixed time every morning are my ways. If yowant to become an early riser, yocan try your own.

8.Why did the author want to become an early riser?

A. Because he/she found that the productivity was higher.

B. Because he/she wanted to do morning exercise.

C. Because he/she wanted to test which school is better.

D. Because he/she wanted to have more sleep time.

9. The author experienced all the following EXCEPT_________.

A. going to bed after midnight

B. asking scholars for advice on sleeping habits

C. getting up early occasionally

D. pressing off the alarm to go on sleeping

10. According to the passage, the underlined “an early riser” phrase refers to _________.

A. A person who stays up late until the next morning

B. A person who feels sleepy in the morning

C. A person whose productivity is the highest in the morning

D. A person who gets up early in the morning

11.The passage is mainly about _________.

A. main schools of thought on sleep patterns