3、和have、has、had的区别：

（1）There be句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）

（2）在there be句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定。

（3）there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

（4）there be句型与have(has)的区别：there be表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。

（5）some和any在there be句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。

（6）and和or在there be句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。

（7）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many+名词复数+are there+介词短语？How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？

（8）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What’s+介词短语？

（9）There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。

1.现在进行时

表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，常与now,listen,look等词连用，结构是主语+be动词(am,is,are)+动词ing.

如：It is raining now.

外面正在下雨It is six o’clock now.现在6点了My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.我父母正在客厅看报纸Look!The children are having a running race now.看!孩子们正在赛跑问句将be动词移前，否定句在be动词后+not.

2.一般现在时表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often,usually,sometimes,always,every day(week year…)on Sundays等词连用。结构是主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he,she,it,Tom,my mother,the boy等词时，动词后加s或es.如：We have an English lesson every day.我们每天都要上英语课Do the boys run faster than the girls?Yes,they do.男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的问句借助于do,does否定句借助于don’t,doesn’t，后面动词一定要还原。

3.一般过去时表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just now;a moment ago;…ago;yesterday;last(week;month;year;Monday;weekend);this morning等词连用。结构是主语+be动词的过去式(was;were)或主语+动词的过去式。注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。如：My earphones were on the ground just now.我的耳机刚刚还在呢。Where were you last week?I was at a camp.你上个星期去哪了?我去野营了What did you do yesterday?I visited a farm你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。问句有be动词将be动词移前，没有be动词借助于did，后面动词还原;否定句有be动词在后面加not，没有借助于didn't后面动词还原。

4.一般将来时表示将要打算发生的事情或动作，常与tomorrow,next week(year;Tuesday…),this week(weekend;evening;afternoon;…)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am,is,are)going to+动原或主语+will+动原。如：What are you going to do tomorrow?I am going to have a picnic.你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。问句将be动词或will移前;否定句在be动词或will后加not.

5.情态动词can;can’t;should;shouldn’t;must;may后一定加动词原形。如：The girl can’t swim,but he can skate.女孩不会游泳，但是会滑冰Don’t talk in class,you should listen to the teacher carefully.不要再课上说话，你应该认真听老师讲。

6.祈使句肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。如：Open the box for me,please.请为我打开盒子。Liu Tao!Please get up earlier tomorrow.刘涛，明天请早点起床!Don’t walk on the grass!不要在草地上走!Helen!Don’t climb the tree,please.海伦!不要爬树。

7.go的用法去干嘛用go+动词ing如:go swimming;go fishing;go skating;go camping;go running;go skiing;go rowing…

8.比较than前用比较级;as…as之间用原级。如：My mother is two years younger than my father.我妈比我爸年轻两岁。Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.刘涛跳得和本一样远。

9.喜欢做某事用like+动词ing或like+to+动原。如：Su Yang likes growing flowers.苏阳喜欢种花。The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。

10.想要做某事用would like+to+动原或want+to+动原。例：I’d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum

11.some用于肯定句中，在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用如：Can I have some writing paper?Would you like some orange juice?

12.代词人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前，主格分别是I you he she it we you they。宾格做宾语用，一般放在动词或介词后如：Open them for me.Let us…,join me等。宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。形容词性物主代词放在名词前，不能单独使用，分别是my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词，它只能单独使用后面不好加名词，分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。

13.介词介词后要么不加动词，加动词只能加动词ing形式如：be good at running;do well in jumping;

14.时间介词季节前，月份前用介词in如：in summer;in March具体的哪一天如星期几，几月几日用介词on如：on Saturday;on the second of April;on Wednesday morning在几点钟前用介词at如：at a quarter to four;只在上下午晚上用in如：in the morning/afternoon/evening;但在夜间用at night。另：季节，月份和星期前不好加the.

15.名词复数构成的方法有规则的有：(1)直接在名词后加s如orange—oranges;photo—photos;(2)以x,s,sh,ch结尾的加es如：box—boxes;glass—glasses;waitress—waitresses;watch—watches;peach--peaches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如：study—studies;library—libraries;hobby—hobbies;family—families;(4)以f,fe结尾的改f,fe为v+es如：knife—knives;thief—thieves(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es,mango—mangoes其余加s,)不规则的有：man—men;woman—women;people—people;child—children

16.动词第三人称单数的构成(1)直接在动词后加s如：run—runs;dance—dances(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es如：do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如：study—studies;carry—carries;

17.现在分词的构成

(1)直接在动词后加ing

如：sing—singing;ski—skiing;

(2)双写词尾加ing

如：swim—swimming;jog—jogging;run—running;

(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing

如：ride—riding;dance—dancing;make—making;

18.规则动词过去式的构成(1)直接在动词后加ed如：clean—cleaned;milk—milked;play—played;

(2)以e结尾的直接加d

如：dance—danced;taste—tasted;

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed